Chakudya cha Mazira Osweka: Kukulitsa tsogolo m'masiku 1,000 oyamba

Masiku 1,000 oyambirira, kuyambira pa kubadwa mpaka kubadwa kwachiwiri kwa mwana, amapereka a mwayi wovuta kwambiri kuumba chitukuko cha mwana ndi kulimbikitsa tsogolo lawo.

Padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi 22% ya ana osakwana zaka zisanu ndi opuwala chifukwa cha zakudya zosakwanira pa nthawi yovutayi¹. M'nkhaniyi, zindikirani chifukwa chake nthawi zoyambirirazi ndizofunikira kwambiri, komanso momwe mazira ali ndi mphamvu zosinthira miyoyo ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu zaumunthu.

 

N’chifukwa chiyani zakudya m’masiku 1,000 oyambirira n’zofunika kwambiri?

Zakudya zabwino ndizofunikira pamlingo uliwonse wa moyo, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri dynamic impact m'masiku 1,000 oyambirira (pa nthawi ya mimba ndi zaka ziwiri zoyambirira).

Kalpana Beesabathuni, membala wa International Egg Nutrition Centre's (IENC) Global Egg Nutrition Expert Group and Global Lead of Technology and Entrepreneurship at nutrition think tank, Sight and Life, akufotokoza kuti: “Ino ndi nthawi imene maziko a kukula kwa munthu ndi neurodevelopment. pakuti moyo wonse wagona². "

“Panthaŵi ya mimba ndi ubwana wake, maselo a mwana wosabadwayo amakula, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwake, mofulumira. Izi zimafuna gwero lokhazikika komanso lowonjezereka lazakudya³. "

Masiku 1,000 oyambirira amakhazikitsa a maziko a thanzi moyo wonse. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti machitidwe odyetsera akadali aang'ono amakhudza zomwe amakonda komanso momwe amadyera moyo wawo wonse⁴.

"Kusoweka kwa zakudya zabwino komanso zokwanira panthawiyi kudzafooketsa maziko a thanzi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo ukhale wosakwanira ndipo pamapeto pake zimabweretsa thanzi labwino komanso kufa msanga.³.” akuwonjezera Mayi Beesabatheni.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kungayambitse matenda a metabolic syndrome, kunenepa kwambiri, shuga, khansa ndi matenda amtima m'moyo wamtsogolo.⁵.

 

Zomangamanga za moyo: magawo atatu ofunikira

Masiku 1,000 oyamba atha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu ofunikira: mimba, ubwana ndi ubwana.

Zakudya zimene mwana amapeza kudzera m’zakudya za amayi ake panthaŵi yapakati ndi zimene zimasonkhezera kukula kwake kwachidziŵitso. zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi ndi moyo wa mwanayo⁶.” Akufotokoza Mayi Beesabatheni.

Choncho, pamene mayi akusowa zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira, zomanga thupi, mafuta zidulo ndi zofunika micronutrients pa nthawi imeneyi, akhoza kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pa chitukuko cha ubongo wa mwana ndi njira kuzindikira.⁷.

Mayi Beesabathuni akufotokoza momveka bwino kuti, ngakhale kuti zakudya zonse n’zofunika pakukula kwa mwana, pali zakudya zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya mimba, monga ayodini, folic acid, iron, folate, choline, zinc, ndi mavitamini A, B6, B12, D. .Iye akuwonjezera kuti: “Mayi woyembekezera ayeneranso kuphatikizirapo zakudya zomanga thupi ndi mafuta ofunikira m’zakudya zake^8,9. "

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwana, wotchedwa ukhanda, ubongo akufotokozera galimoto ntchito monga bwino, kugwirizana ndi kaimidwe. Iyinso ndi nthawi yofunikira pa kulumikizana kwina kwaubongo komwe kumathandizira mwana kupanga ndi kubwezeretsanso kukumbukira⁷. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mwana alandire zakudya zoyenera kuti zikule bwino.

Akamang’ambika, ubongo ndi thupi la mwana zimapitiriza kukula ndikukula mofulumira. Makamaka, mapuloteni, chitsulo, zinki ndi ayodini ndizofunikira m'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa mwana.

 

Mazira: chophatikizira cha nyenyezi powonjezera tsogolo

Mazira ndi chakudya choyenera kukwanilitsa zofuna za thanzi pa magawo onse atatu a masiku 1,000 oyambirira, Mayi Beesabathuni akutsimikiza kuti: “Mazira ndi chakudya chozizwitsa zomwe zili ndi pafupifupi zakudya zonse zofunika kuti mwana akule msanga, komanso ndi chakudya chotsika mtengo, chopezeka paliponse.^10,11. "

Dzira limodzi lalikulu lili ndi 13 zakudya zofunika ndi 6g wa mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri¹², kukwaniritsa gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha mwana. "Kwa khanda lathanzi lapakati pa miyezi 7 ndi 12, dzira limodzi la 50g limapereka 57% ya Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) ya mapuloteni." Akufotokoza Mayi Beesabathuni, “Imaperekanso 50% ya RDA ya mavitamini E, B12 ndi choline; pakati pa 25% ndi 50% ya RDA ya pantothenic acid, vitamini B6, folate, phosphorous, ndi selenium; ndi kupitirira 20% ya zofunika za zinc. "

Mazira ndi amodzi mwa magwero ochepa achilengedwe a choline, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono koma chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa ma cell, kukula kwaubongo komanso kupewa zilema zakubadwa.¹³. M'malo mwake, mazira awiri akulu amakhala ndi theka la kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa amayi apakati^{12, 14}.

Mayi Beesabathuni akufotokozanso momwe mazira angakhalire gwero la thanzi labwino pa nthawi yoyamwitsa: “Mazira ali ngati multivitamin zachilengedwe! Kudya mazira kwa amayi panthawi yoyamwitsa kungapangitsenso kuti mkaka wa m'mawere ukhale ndi zakudya zina, motero zimathandizira ku thanzi labwino komanso kumapangitsanso kukula kwa ana oyamwitsa.¹⁵. "

 

Tathyola

M’masiku 1,000 oyambirira a moyo, kupeza chakudya choyenera kungasankhe tsogolo la munthu. Pa nthawi yonse ya mimba, ukhanda ndi ubwana, mazira amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri za thanzi la mwana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti akule bwino komanso akule bwino.

Mayi Beesabathuni anamaliza ndi mawu akuti: “Umboni wosonyeza kuti mazira ali ndi thanzi labwino ndi wochuluka. Mazira amatha kuthandizira kukula koyambirira ndi chitukuko, kupereka phukusi lazakudya zopatsa thanzi pakukula kozungulira komanso kukula kwa mwana¹⁶. "

 

Zothandizira

¹ Mkhalidwe wachitetezo cha chakudya ndi zakudya padziko lapansi 2021

² Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA (2000)

³ Marangoni, et al (2016)

⁴ Briefel RR (2010)

⁵ Schwarzenberg SJ, et al (2018)

⁶ Jacka FN, et al (2013)

⁷ Georgieff MK, et al (2006)

⁸ Meher A, et al (2016)

⁹ Elango R, Ball RO. (2016)

¹⁰ Réhault-Godbert S, et al (2019)

¹¹ Iannotti LL, et al (2014)

¹² Egg Nutrition Center

¹³ Christian P, et al (2010)

¹⁴ American College of Obstetricians ndi Gynecologists

¹⁵ Lutter CK, et al (2018)

¹⁶ Iannotti LL, et al (2017)